This paper lists the types of hydrogenation reactions and from them the applications of hydrogenation reactions are illustrated.
As mentioned earlier, hydrogenation processes can be divided into two main categories:
- hydrogen and carbon monoxide or organic compounds directly hydrogenated, such as carbon monoxide hydrogenation synthesis of methanol, adiponitrile hydrogenation of adiponitrile amines
- hydrogen and organic compounds at the same time, accompanied by chemical bond breaking, this type of hydrogenation reaction is also known as hydrogenolysis reaction, includes:
Hydrodealkylation,
Hydrocracking,
Hydrodesulfurization, etc.
For example, alkane hydrocracking, toluene hydrodesalkylation of benzene, nitrobenzene hydrogen reduction of aniline, oil hydrogenation of non-hydrocarbons: RSH + H2 - → RH + H2S non-hydrocarbon nitrogen-containing compounds are the most difficult to hydrolyze; the more complex the molecular structure of the non-hydrocarbon in the same kind of more difficult to hydrogenate.
In practice, there are the following hydrogenation reactions:
Hydrogenation reduction of nitro groups on aryl rings to produce aromatic amines.
Catalytic hydrogenation of halogen-containing nitro compounds.
Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to synthesize p-aminophenol.
Hydrogenation of amine-ketone condensation.
Hydrogenation of cyano groups.
Hydrogenation of oxygen-containing compounds (e.g., hydrogenation of ketones, hydrogenation of esters, hydrogenation of acids, hydrogenation of chlorides).
Hydrogenation of olefins and their derivatives.
Hydrogenation of alkynes and conjugated diolefins.
Hydrogenation of nitrogen-containing compounds.
Hydrogenation of oils and fats.
Hydrocracking, reforming, and other petrochemicals.
Hydrogenation of heterocyclic compounds.
One type of them is for the liquid-phase hydrogenation processes used for high-boiling-point liquids or solids (solids need to be dissolved in a solvent or heated to melt) feedstocks.
Examples:
The hydrogenation of fats and oils, and the hydrocracking of heavy oils.
Liquid-phase hydrogenation is often carried out under pressure, and the process can be intermittent or continuous.
Batch liquid phase hydrogenation is often carried out in pressure kettles or bubbling reactors with stirring devices. Continuous liquid-phase hydrogenation can be carried out in trickle-bed reactors or in tubular reactors with a continuous flow of gas, liquid, and solid in the same direction.
Another type of reactor is used for continuous gas-phase hydrogenation processes.
For example, atmospheric pressure gas-phase hydrogenation of benzene to make cyclohexane, high-pressure gas-phase hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to synthesize methanol, etc., and the type of reactor can be either column or tower.
Hydrogenation Reactors offered by WHGCM
In WHGCM, we have supplied all types of hydrogenation equipment except the tower type.
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4000 Liters Hydrogenation Reactor we made last year for China Custom |
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For the heating and cooling methods, WHGCM recommends a U-shaped or cylindrical jacket with a spiral half pipe in general.
Compared with other hydrogenation reactors, it has the advantages of a compact structure, good force on the kettle body, high heat transfer effectiveness, low energy consumption as well as less material used for steel.
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The left photo shows the spiral half pipe on a hydrogenation vessel. It is welded on the external surface of the vessel wall, with good effort of heat exchanging ratio. |
The WHGCM also offers a circulation system that works with the integrated conduit to achieve precise control of temperature. |
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WHGCM hydrogenation reactor can be integrated with the reaction condition control system (PID or PLC), which can strictly control the critical parameters such as temperature, pressure, stirring, and reaction material (product) in the reaction process. The WHGCM hydrogenation reactor has the characteristics of dexterity of heating, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, environmental hygiene, no natural environmental staining, no need for furnace accumulation to raise the temperature, ease to use, etc.
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Control system |
WHGCM hydrogenation reactor is widely used in mainly distributed in petrochemical, chemical, pharmaceutical, polymer synthesis, metallurgy, beverage, chemical, dyestuff, resin, scientific research, thermal solvents, silicone rubber, and paint.
It can effectively support various catalytic, high temperature and high-pressure synthesis, hydrogenation, gas-liquid two-phase, liquid-liquid two-phase, exothermic reaction, composition test, stability, corrosion test, fine processing, supercritical reflection, catalyst applications, etc.
For example:
In petrochemical plant manufacturing, the WHGCM hydrogenation reactor can complete the processing of vulcanized rubber, esterification, alkylation, convergence, condensation, volatilization, generation, soap foot, sulfonation, isopropyl titanate, nitration reaction, etc. Representative products include reaction vessels, reactors, decomposition kettles, polymerization kettles, etc.
In the pharmaceutical, dyestuff fine chemical industry, the WHGCM hydrogenation reactor includes a reactor for producing sorbitol, a reactor for producing xylitol, a reactor for producing maltitol, a reactor for producing mannitol, and also includes tube reactor, a reaction kettle, a dissolution kettle, polymerization kettle, etc.